2025年05月18日
原题：独家全文翻译：《华尔街日报》获取哈马斯内部文件，揭秘其为何对以色列发动"阿克萨洪水行动"(英译汉)
译者按：《华尔街日报》(The Wall Street Journal)获取了以军发现的哈马斯高层会议记录文件，文件显示，2023年10月7日，哈马斯发动对以色列的突袭，目的是破坏以色列与沙特的正常化谈判，以防巴勒斯坦议题被边缘化。根据以色列军方在加沙发现的会议记录，哈马斯早在两年前就筹划此次袭击，并得到伊朗支持。袭击引发以军大规模报复，造成逾5.3万名巴勒斯坦人死亡，也暂时中断了沙以谈判进程。文件还显示，哈马斯对阿拉伯国家与以色列关系正常化日益警惕，并加紧与真主党等组织协调，试图通过暴力手段遏制这一趋势。
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叶海亚·辛瓦尔：遭以色列击毙的哈马斯领导人是谁？－ BBC News中文
Top leaders of Palestinian Islamist group Hamas launched their Oct.7,2023, attack on Israel aiming to torpedo peace negotiations between Israel and Saudi Arabia, according to minutes of a high-level meeting in Gaza that Israel's military said it discovered in a tunnel beneath the enclave.
据以色列军方称，他们在加沙地带一条地道中发现了一份哈马斯高层会议的会议记录。该记录显示，巴勒斯坦"伊斯兰组织"哈马斯的高级领导人发动了2023年10月7日对以色列的袭击，目的是破坏以色列与沙特阿拉伯之间的和平谈判。
Days before the assault that left nearly1,200 dead, Yahya Sinwar, Hamas's Gaza chief, told fellow militants that an"extraordinary act" was required to derail the normalization talks that he said risked marginalizing the Palestinian cause, the document, reviewed by The Wall Street Journal, said.
这份经过《华尔街日报》审核的资料称，那场造成近1200人死亡的袭击发生前的几天，哈马斯在加沙的领导人叶海亚·辛瓦尔(Yahya Sinwar)告诉其他武装同僚，必须采取"一项非常行动"来阻止正在进行的沙以关系正常化谈判，因为他认为这些谈判有边缘化巴勒斯坦事业的风险。
The plan worked—at a terrible price.
这个计划达到了目的——但代价高昂。
Iran-backed Hamas's onslaught of killing and kidnapping sparked an Israeli military campaign to destroy the militants that has killed more than53,000 Palestinians, according to Gaza health authorities, and left the territory in ruins. That has fueled anger across the Arab world and beyond, halting progress toward normalization, at least for now.
由伊朗支持的哈马斯在袭击中大规模杀戮和绑架平民，引发了以色列的军事行动，目标是摧毁哈马斯。根据加沙卫生部门的数据，以色列的军事行动已造成超过5.3万名巴勒斯坦人死亡，并将加沙变成了废墟。这场冲突激起了整个阿拉伯世界乃至更广泛地区的愤怒，也使得以沙关系正常化的进程暂时陷入停滞。
President Trump, visiting Riyadh on Tuesday, acknowledged as much, calling on Saudi Arabia to establish relations with Israel but saying,"You'll do it in your own time."
美国总统特朗普周二(5月13日)访问沙特时也承认了这点，他呼吁沙特与以色列建立关系，但也表示："你们可以在合适的时候再做决定。"
(2023年10月2日哈马斯领导层的会议记录，叶海亚·辛瓦尔在会议上称，需要采取"非常行动"来对抗以色列-沙特正常化)
The meeting minutes—from an Oct.2,2023, gathering of Hamas's political bureau in Gaza—cite Sinwar as saying,"There is no doubt that the Saudi-Zionist normalization agreement is progressing significantly." He warned a deal would"open the door for the majority of Arab and Islamic countries to follow the same path."
会议记录显示，哈马斯政治局于2023年10月2日在加沙召开会议，辛瓦尔在会上表示："毫无疑问，沙特-犹太复国主义者的关系正常化协议正迅速推进。"他警告称，一旦达成协议，"将为多数阿拉伯和伊斯兰国家开启效仿之门"。
For Sinwar and Hamas, who have called for total destruction of Israel and the creation of a Palestinian state between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea, this was unacceptable. Sinwar said it was time to unleash an attack that had been in the planning stages for two years. The goal, he said, is"to bring about a major move or a strategic shift in the paths and balances of the region with regard to the Palestinian cause." He expected to get help from the other Iranian-backed forces of the so-called axis of resistance to Israel.
对于辛瓦尔和哈马斯来说，这种趋势是不可接受的。他们一贯主张彻底摧毁以色列，在约旦河与地中海之间建立一个巴勒斯坦国。辛瓦尔称，是时候发动一场已筹划两年的袭击了。他说，这次袭击的目标是"在巴勒斯坦问题上引发中东地区路径与力量平衡的重大变动或战略性转折"。他预计，来自所谓"反以轴心"的其他伊朗支持势力将提供协助。
Hamas didn't respond to a request for comment on the authenticity of the document or its contents. Arab intelligence officials familiar with Hamas and its records said the document appears to be genuine, as do others the Israeli military says it found in Gaza.
哈马斯没有回应关于这份文件真实性及其内容的置评请求。熟悉哈马斯及其内部文件的阿拉伯情报官员表示，这份文件看起来是真实的，以色列军方在加沙发现的其他文件也是如此。
Those documents, reviewed by the Journal, show mounting concern among Hamas leaders about the progress of U.S.-brokered talks between Israel and Saudi Arabia. Officials of all three countries were saying in2023 that differences were narrowing.
《华尔街日报》审核的这些文件显示，哈马斯领导人对美国牵头的以沙谈判不断取得进展日益担忧。美国、以色列，以及沙特官员在2023年时曾表示，彼此间的分歧正在缩小。
This newest cache of Hamas records adds a new link in the chain of events leading up to Oct.7,2023, the deadliest day for Israelis since the country's founding.
这批哈马斯内部文件为导致2023年10月7日那场袭击——以色列建国以来最致命的一天——的事件链增添了新的线索。
The Journal, citing senior members of Hamas and Hezbollah, has reported that another meeting connected to the attack took place on Oct.2 that year, this one in Beirut involving representatives of Hamas and Iranian security officials. Iran approved the planned attack, those people said. Other Hamas and Hezbollah officials have disputed that, saying details of the attack, including the scope and the date, were kept tightly under wraps by Hamas's military wing in Gaza.
《华尔街日报》此前曾援引哈马斯和黎巴嫩真主党高层的消息称，另一场与袭击有关的会议也是在2023年10月2日举行的，地点在贝鲁特，参与者包括哈马斯代表和伊朗安全官员。消息人士称，伊朗批准了该袭击计划。但其他哈马斯和真主党官员对此表示异议，称袭击的细节，包括规模和时间，是由哈马斯在加沙的军事部门严格保密的。
Senior officials from Iran and Hezbollah had been discussing attack options with Hamas since the summer of2021. Iran also gave Hamas weapons, financing and training over a long period, including combat training in the weeks before Oct.7, according to intelligence officials from several countries. But Tehran and Hezbollah made it clear to Hamas that they didn't want to end up in a direct, all-out war with Israel, according to officials from the axis as well as Israeli intelligence.
自2021年夏季以来，伊朗与哈马斯一直在讨论各种袭击选项。多国情报官员指出，伊朗在长时间内向哈马斯提供了武器、资金和培训，包括在2023年10月7日之前数周的实战训练。但据"反以轴心"以及以色列情报机构的官员称，伊朗与真主党已明确告知哈马斯，他们并不希望最终卷入与以色列的全面战争。
Many of the figures directly involved in planning the Oct.7 attacks are now dead. Sinwar was killed by Israeli troops in Gaza last October. Most of Hamas's other top leaders in Gaza have also been killed, including some who were present at the Oct.2 political bureau meeting, such as Marwan Issa. Israel has also killed top Hamas leaders in exile, including Ismail Haniyeh, who was the most powerful person in the movement along with Sinwar. On Tuesday, an Israeli airstrike in Gaza targeted Sinwar's brother, Mohammed, head of Hamas' military operations; it wasn't clear whether he had been killed.
目前，直接参与策划2023年10月7日袭击的多位哈马斯关键人物已被击毙。辛瓦尔于去年10月在加沙被以军击杀，其他多名出席2023年10月2日政治局会议的哈马斯高层也已被击毙，其中包括马尔万·伊萨(Marwan Issa)。以色列还击毙了流亡海外的哈马斯领导人，包括与辛瓦尔齐名、曾是该组织最具权力的伊斯梅尔·哈尼亚(Ismail Haniyeh)。周二(5月13日)，以色列在加沙的一次空袭以辛瓦尔的兄弟、哈马斯军事行动负责人穆罕默德·辛瓦尔为目标，但是否将其击毙尚不确定。(译者注：最新消息显示，穆罕默德·辛瓦尔已确定被击毙)
Among the other internal Hamas documents found by the Israeli military and reviewed by the Journal was a September2023 report that recommended escalating the conflict in the West Bank and Jerusalem to make Saudi-Israeli normalization more difficult. The report expressed mistrust of Saudi pledges to uphold Palestinian interests, calling them"weak and limited steps to neutralize" Hamas and stop it from fighting back against normalization. Saudi relations with the Iranian-backed Hamas had been frosty ever since Hamas violently wrested control of the Gaza Strip from rival Palestinian faction Fatah.
以军称发现的哈马斯其他内部文件中，还包括一份2023年9月的报告，建议在约旦河西岸和耶路撒冷加剧冲突，以阻止沙特与以色列的关系正常化。该报告对沙特在维护巴勒斯坦利益方面的承诺表示不信任，称这些承诺是"微弱且有限的手段"，意在"瓦解哈马斯、阻止其对抗沙以关系正常化进程"。自哈马斯以武力夺取加沙、击败其对手法塔赫以来，与沙特的关系就一直处于冰点。
（哈马斯军事简报警告说阿以正常化将摧毁巴勒斯坦事业；哈马斯政治分析报告中建议约旦河西岸和耶路撒冷的冲突升级。）
An internal briefing marked"secret" from August2022, written by Hamas's military leadership, concludes:"It has become the duty of the movement to reposition itself to… preserve the survival of the Palestinian cause in the face of the broad wave of normalization by Arab countries, which aims primarily to liquidate the Palestinian cause." In response, Hamas was strengthening its coordination with Hezbollah as well as other Palestinian militant factions, the briefing says.
另一份标注为"机密"的2022年8月内部简报，由哈马斯军事领导层撰写，总结道："(哈马斯的)运动必须重新定位自身于……以在阿拉伯国家大规模正常化浪潮面前保住巴勒斯坦事业的生存。"简报指出，这些正常化尝试的根本目的在于"清除巴勒斯坦问题"。作为回应，哈马斯正加强与真主党及其他巴勒斯坦武装派别的协调。
Saudi-Israeli normalization would mark the biggest change in Israel's political standing in the Middle East since it signed peace treaties with Jordan and Egypt decades ago. In2020, Israel also established full diplomatic relations with the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, agreements known as the Abraham Accords. But a deal with Riyadh has long been the true prize for Israel—and a major goal for Washington, as it seeks to organize a regional coalition to contain Iran.
沙以关系正常化将成为以色列自数十年前与约旦和埃及签署和平协议以来，在中东政治格局上的最大突破。2020年，以色列还与阿联酋和巴林建立了全面外交关系，即"亚伯拉罕协议"。然而，与沙特的协议一直被视为以色列真正的"梦寐以求的结果"，也是美国希望实现的重大外交成果，以建立一个地区联盟来遏制伊朗。
The heavy toll of death and destruction in Gaza has changed the political calculus for Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The prince has told a number of foreign visitors in the past year that he can't proceed with normalization unless Israel meets two conditions: halting the war in Gaza, and agreeing to a diplomatic process would eventually lead to a Palestinian state. But the Oct.7 attack hardened attitudes in Israel, potentially for years to come. Palestinian statehood has become anathema for most of the Israeli political spectrum.
但加沙战争造成的大量人员伤亡和毁灭性破坏，已改变了沙特王储萨勒曼(Mohammed bin Salman)的政治考量。他在过去一年多次告诉外国访客，沙特不会推动正常化，除非以色列满足两个条件：停止在加沙的战争，并同意开启一个最终建立巴勒斯坦国的外交进程。但10月7日的袭击也使以色列的内部态度进一步强硬，这种影响可能持续数年。现在，在以色列大多数政治派别中，巴勒斯坦建国的前景几乎成为禁忌。
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沙特事实上的统治者：穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼究竟是怎样一个人？
Also among the documents that Israel's military said it found is a Hamas job advertisement from October2022, seeking a person to spearhead diplomatic efforts to derail normalization. It isn't clear where the advertisement was posted—or how much the job paid. The vacancy at Hamas's Department of Arab and Islamic Cooperation sought a university graduate skilled in negotiation and communication. Part of the job description:"Marketing the movement's programs to confront normalization," including by getting grassroots organizations in the Arab world to boycott entities that supported normal relations with Israel.
以色列军方称发现的文件中还包括一份2022年10月发布的哈马斯招聘广告，内容是为反对沙以关系正常化进程寻找一位"外交先锋"。目前尚不清楚该广告的发布平台或薪酬水平。这则出自哈马斯"阿拉伯和伊斯兰合作部"的招聘启事，要求应聘者具备大学学历，精于谈判与沟通。工作描述的一部分内容为："推介本运动反对正常化的方案"，包括动员阿拉伯世界的基层组织联合抵制支持与以色列关系正常化的机构与实体。
(哈马斯通过对以色列发动致命袭击来破坏沙以关系正常化的计划成功了，但在加沙却付出了高昂的代价)
